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M3 fighting knife
The M3 fighting knife or M3 trench knife was an American military combat knife first issued in March 1943. The M3 was originally designated for issue to soldiers not otherwise equipped with a bayonet.〔http://www.olive-drab.com/od_other_edged_m3.php〕〔Trzaska, Frank, (1996), ''(U.S. Fighting Knives of World War II, Chapter VII: M3 Trench Knife )'', OKCA (May 1996)〕〔''Catalog of Standard Ordnance Items'', Washington, D.C: U.S. Army Ordnance Publications (1943)〕 However, it was particularly designed for use by elite or 'shock' forces in need of a close-combat knife such as airborne troops and Army Rangers, and these units received priority for the M3 at the start of production.〔〔〔Cassidy, William L. (1997), ''The Complete Book of Knife Fighting'', ISBN 0-87364-029-2, ISBN 978-0-87364-029-9 (1997), pp. 47-48〕〔Whitman, L., ''New Army Trench Knife'', Army & Navy Journal, Vol. 80, 6 February 1943, p. 649〕 As more M3 knives became available in 1943 and 1944, the knife was issued to other soldiers such as Army Air Corps crewmen and soldiers not otherwise equipped with a bayonet, including soldiers issued the M1 Carbine or submachine gun.〔http://www.olive-drab.com/od_other_edged_m3.php〕〔
The M3 trench knife was discontinued in August 1944. After the M1 Carbine was modified to accept a knife-type bayonet, the M3's blade and handle design was incorporated on the new bayonet, officially designated the Bayonet, U.S. M4.
==Design and features==
Designed for rapid production using a minimum of strategic metals and machine processes, the M3 trench knife used a relatively narrow 6.75-inch bayonet-style spear-point blade with a sharpened 3.5-inch secondary edge.〔Blending Metals to Arm Our Fighting Men, Popular Science, Vol. 142 No. 6 (June 1943), p. 104〕〔Somers, R.H. (Brig. Gen., U.S. Army, ret.) (ed.), ''Ordnance'', American Ordnance Association, Volume 24, No. 138 (May-June 1943), pp. 553-554〕〔〔''(KNIFE - U.S. KNIFE MODEL 1918 MKI TRENCH )'' Springfield Armory Museum - Collection Record〕〔Canfield, Bruce N., ''U.S. INFANTRY WEAPONS OF WORLD WAR II'', Lincoln, RI: Andrew Mowbray Publishers, ISBN 0-917218-67-1, ISBN 978-0-917218-67-5 (1994)〕〔 The blade was made of carbon steel, and was either blued or parkerized.〔〔 Production of the grooved leather handle was later simplified by forming the grip of stacked leather washers that were shaped by turning on a lathe, then polished and lacquered.〔Graf, John F., ''Warman's World War II Collectibles: Identification and Price Guide'', Krause Publications, ISBN 978-0-89689-546-1 (2007), p. 217〕〔 The steel crossguard had an angular bend at one end to facilitate a thumb rest.〔
The M3 was initially issued with a riveted leather (M6) sheath with a protective guard designed to prevent the point from piercing the sheath and injuring the wearer.〔 A rawhide thong on the end of the sheath allowed the user to tie the sheathed knife to his leg.〔 The M6 was later dropped in favor of an OD fiber-type scabbard with steel throat (M8, M8A1).〔〔''(The History of the M4 Bayonet/Fighting Knife )'', MilitaryItems.com, retrieved 3 July 2011〕〔 U.S. paratroopers frequently wore an M3 and sheath tied to a boot for emergency use in cutting parachute lines or close-quarters defense.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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